Ingredient Guide

Also: E442

An emulsifier used in chocolate.

Made from fats of possible animal origin; source-dependent.

Also: edible fat

Unspecified fat of animal origin.

Permissible only from a halal-slaughtered animal; source-dependent.

Also: animal fat, tallow (generic), edible fat

Labels that give no source detail - just "animal fat", "shortening", or "edible fats and oils". Common in commercial cookies, pastries, some crackers, and older recipes.

When the source is not stated, the fat can be beef tallow, pork lard, or a blend. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the label specifies "all-vegetable", "kosher pareve", or halal-certified.

A baking fat of animal origin.

Permissible only from a halal source; source-dependent.

Also: meat flavour

A flavouring stated to be of animal origin.

Permissible only from a halal source; verify.

Also: E304

A fat-soluble form of vitamin C in cured meats, some baby food, oils, and supplements.

The palmitic-acid component of this compound is often from animal fat, sometimes from palm oil. Labels rarely specify. For Zabiha-strict households, choose products where the manufacturer confirms plant palmitic acid or the product is halal-certified.

Also: store-bought cookies, commercial pastries, crackers

Cookies, pastries, crackers, biscuits, and doughnuts from commercial bakeries and supermarket brands - especially those that don't specify vegetable oil or vegetable shortening on the label. Also includes many muffins and coffee cakes.

Frequently made with animal fats (butter is halal-friendly, but many use blended or unspecified fats), E-number emulsifiers, mono-diglycerides, and L-cysteine dough conditioners. For Zabiha-strict households, prefer home-baked, halal-certified, or products with clean labels (butter + oil, no additives).

Also: E160a

An orange colouring and source of vitamin A in juices, cereals, margarine, cheese, and some soft drinks.

The colour itself is plant-based, but some encapsulated forms use gelatin as a carrier - most often in fortified juices and multivitamins. For Zabiha-strict households, choose products that specify plant-based beta-carotene or are halal-certified.

Also: natural white sugar

Used to filter and whiten some brands of cane sugar. Not present in the final sugar, but part of the processing.

The bone source is typically cattle bones, rarely from halal slaughter. For Zabiha-strict households, choose beet sugar (never uses bone char), organic cane sugar, or brands that specify no bone char. Some large US refiners have used bone char historically; beet-sugar brands and organic brands do not.

Also: stock cube, soup base

A concentrated savoury base for soups and sauces.

May be made from non-halal meat; verify the source.

Also: meat broth

A savoury liquid from simmering meat or bones.

May be from non-halal meat; verify the source.

Also: E470

An anti-caking agent and flow aid.

Made from stearic acid that may be animal or plant; source-dependent.

Also: E120, cochineal, carminic acid

The red colour in some candy, strawberry yogurts, fruit-flavoured drinks, jams, ice cream, and cosmetics. May also appear as "cochineal", "natural red 4", or "crimson lake".

Made from crushed cochineal insects. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid; treat "cochineal", "natural red 4", and "carmine" the same way on any label.

Also: sodium caseinate, calcium caseinate

A milk protein used in creamers and processed foods.

Usually acid-set and fine, but may involve rennet; verify if in doubt.

Also: schmaltz, poultry fat

Rendered fat from poultry.

Permissible only from a halal-slaughtered bird; source-dependent.

A supplement for joint health, often combined with glucosamine.

Derived from cartilage - usually from cattle or pigs, sometimes from sharks. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the supplement is halal-certified or sourced from fish.

A protein used in supplements, protein powders, gummies, bone broths, and some cosmetic products.

Almost always sourced from cattle, pigs, or fish. Non-marine collagen is rarely from halal slaughter unless certified. For Zabiha-strict households, choose fish-collagen or explicitly halal-certified products; avoid unmarked collagen.

Also: candy shell, pharma glaze

The shiny coating on jellybeans, Skittles (in some regions), chocolate-coated candies (Whoppers, Milk Duds), the polish on some apples and citrus fruit, and the coating on many pills and vitamins.

These are all names for shellac (see "Shellac"). For Zabiha-strict households, avoid candies with any of these on the label.

Also: E627

A flavour enhancer paired with MSG in ramen seasonings, chips, instant noodles, and processed snacks.

May be derived from animal tissue, fish, or (less commonly) yeast. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the product is halal-certified.

Also: E631

A flavour enhancer paired with MSG in ramen seasonings, chips, instant noodles, and processed snacks.

Most commercial disodium inosinate is derived from meat, fish, or animal tissue. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the product is halal-certified.

Also: E542

A mineral source and anti-caking agent from animal bone.

From animal bone that may not be halal; source-dependent.

A generic emulsifier listed without a specific name or number.

Without the specific source it cannot be confirmed; verify with the manufacturer.

Appears on ingredient lists for bread, cheese, dairy products, beer, and some meats. On cheese labels, this word almost always means rennet.

Enzymes can come from microbes (widely accepted), plants, or animals - including non-halal-slaughtered animals. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid products with "enzymes" unspecified; choose products marked "microbial enzymes", "vegetarian enzymes", or halal-certified.

Also: E445, glycerol esters of wood rosin

A stabiliser used in some citrus drinks.

Involves glycerol whose source can vary; verify.

Also: E472, E472e, DATEM

Emulsifiers in commercial bread, cakes, biscuits, and some non-dairy creamers. DATEM is one of the most common bread-improver ingredients in North America.

Built on mono- and diglycerides whose fatty-acid source is often animal fat. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid commercial bread and baked goods listing E472/DATEM unless halal-certified.

Also: nam pla, nuoc mam

A fermented fish condiment used in Thai, Vietnamese, and Filipino cooking. Common in restaurant curries, pad thai, dipping sauces, and some ready-made sauces.

The fish itself is permissible, but many commercial fish sauces are aged in a way that produces small amounts of alcohol, and some brands add natural flavours or ingredients whose source isn't stated. For Zabiha-strict households, choose brands that certify no alcohol or halal, or omit fish sauce.

Also: cross-contact

Halal-labeled foods or meals prepared using kitchen equipment (grills, fryers, cutting boards, oil) shared with pork, alcohol-based sauces, or non-halal meats. Common at fast-food chains that offer some halal items and at restaurants with mixed menus.

Some scholars treat trace cross-contact as tolerable when the halal preparation is deliberate; others treat it as an active concern. For Zabiha-strict households, ask directly whether the fryer, grill, and utensils are dedicated; prefer dedicated-halal establishments and packaged foods with halal certification.

Also: gelatine, E441

The gelling agent in gummies, marshmallows, jello, gelatin capsules, fruit snacks, and some yogurts, ice creams, and cream cheeses.

Most gelatin sold in North America is derived from pigs. Beef gelatin is used in some products but is rarely from halal-slaughtered animals unless certified. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the label states fish gelatin, halal-certified beef gelatin, or a plant alternative like agar or pectin.

Also: confectioners glaze, fruit wax

A shine coating on candies, pills, and some fruit.

May be shellac or another animal- or insect-derived glaze; verify.

A supplement for joint health, sold on its own or in combination products with chondroitin.

Most glucosamine is derived from shellfish shells (shrimp, crab, lobster). Vegetarian glucosamine from fungal fermentation exists but is less common. For Zabiha-strict households, look for a vegetarian source or ask the pharmacist for a halal-certified alternative.

Also: E422, glycerine

A sweet, syrupy liquid in candy, chewing gum, protein bars, energy drinks, cough syrup, toothpaste, marshmallows, and vitamin extracts. Also a common solvent inside "natural flavors".

Frequently derived from animal fat; plant-based and synthetic versions exist. Labels usually do not specify. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the product is halal-certified or plant-based. In supplements and medications, ask the pharmacist about a plant-based alternative.

Also: E640

A flavour enhancer and sweetness modifier in some sugar substitutes, energy drinks, and processed foods.

Can be synthetic (from ammonia and chloroacetic acid) or animal-derived. Labels rarely specify. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless halal-certified.

Also: HAP

A protein flavouring broken down from animal sources.

Animal-derived; permissible only from a halal source. (Hydrolysed vegetable protein is plant-based and fine.)

Insects other than locusts, as ingredients or as food.

Schools differ. Locusts are widely permitted. Other insects are variously treated; kept in check the source pending scholarly guidance.

A clarifying agent from fish, used in some beers, wines, and jellies.

From fish, which is permissible in itself, but it is most often used to clarify alcoholic drinks that would be avoided anyway. For Zabiha-strict households, judge the finished product; isinglass is not usually the deciding factor.

Also: fermented milk drink, kvass

Kefir (fermented milk), kvass (fermented bread drink), and similar traditionally-fermented drinks. Contain trace alcohol from fermentation, typically 0.5 to 2.5 percent (kvass can be higher).

Scholars differ on trace fermentation alcohol. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unpasteurised kefir and any kvass or similar drink; pasteurised, low-fermentation kefir is treated more leniently by some scholars. Consult your scholar for a specific product.

A protein used in some supplements, hair products, and (rarely) as a food additive.

Derived from hair, feathers, hooves, and horns. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the product is halal-certified.

A fermented tea drink sold in health food sections. Contains trace alcohol from fermentation, typically 0.5 to 2 percent.

Because kombucha is fermented, it contains real alcohol - usually low levels, sometimes higher in home-brewed or unpasteurised varieties. Scholars differ on whether trace fermentation-alcohol is treated the same as an intoxicant. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid; choose plain teas or non-fermented alternatives.

Also: kosher beef, kosher chicken

Meat certified kosher, sold at kosher grocers and some mainstream supermarkets.

Scholars differ. Some hold that the Quranic permission of the food of the People of the Book (5:5) allows kosher meat as a fallback when halal is unavailable, since it is slaughtered with a similar method and a blessing. Others maintain that Zabiha is required, and that current kosher slaughter differs in enough ways (whose slaughter, the specific invocation) to require caution. For Zabiha-strict households, follow the position of your scholar.

Also: E920

A dough conditioner in commercial pizza dough, bagels, hamburger buns, pretzels, and some pastries. On some labels it appears simply as "dough conditioner".

Commonly derived from human hair or duck feathers; synthetic versions exist but aren't distinguished on the label. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid commercial baked goods listing L-cysteine or a plain "dough conditioner" unless the manufacturer confirms a synthetic or halal-certified source. Home-baked bread avoids this entirely.

Also: lactose-free milk enzyme

The enzyme added to milk to break down lactose in lactose-free products (Lactaid milk and similar), and used in some cheeses.

Commercially derived from fungi or yeast (widely accepted); animal-derived lactase is uncommon in food. For Zabiha-strict households, most lactose-free milk is fine; watch for imported dairy products where the enzyme source may not be stated.

Also: wool grease

A grease from sheep wool, used in supplements and as a vitamin D3 source.

Animal-derived; generally taken from live sheep, but treated as doubtful pending verification.

An enzyme used to develop flavour in Italian and some aged cheeses (parmesan, romano, provolone), and in digestive supplements.

Often derived from the throat glands of calves, goats, or lambs, rarely from halal slaughter. Microbial lipase is used in some products. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless labelled microbial or halal-certified.

Also: E1105

An enzyme preservative in some hard cheeses (edam, gouda, some Italian cheeses).

Usually extracted from egg white (widely accepted), but always paired with the cheese's rennet question. For Zabiha-strict households, judge the cheese by its rennet source; lysozyme itself is normally not the concern.

Also: E572

A flow agent in nearly every tablet, capsule, and powdered supplement, and in some seasonings and confectionery.

Made from stearic acid that is often animal-derived. For supplements especially, ask the pharmacist for a halal-certified alternative, or choose products where the manufacturer confirms plant magnesium stearate.

Also: marshmallow fluff, marshmallow creme

Standalone marshmallows, marshmallow fluff, marshmallow toppings on cereal, hot chocolate mixes, and rice krispies treats.

Standard marshmallows are made with gelatin, most often from pigs. Halal marshmallows made with fish gelatin or halal-certified beef gelatin do exist. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid standard brands; look for halal-marked or vegan marshmallows.

A concentrated meat flavouring.

May be from non-halal meat; verify the source.

Also: halal chicken, halal beef, halal meat unspecified

Meat labelled as halal but without a specific Zabiha certification mark. Common on some grocery-store halal chicken, imported halal beef, and menu items at restaurants that say "halal" without naming a certifier.

The word "halal" alone can mean different things depending on the certifier: machine slaughter, pre-recorded tasmiya, stunning practices, and treatment of the animal can vary. For Zabiha-strict households, look for hand-slaughter certifications (HMS-USA, HFSAA-Zabiha, or a scholar-vetted local butcher), and ask the restaurant which certifier they use.

Meat where the method of slaughter is unclear or unstated.

Where the slaughter cannot be verified, the meat is not consumed until confirmed.

Also: MSM, pink slime, LFTB, mechanically deboned meat

The paste-like meat product used in hot dogs, chicken nuggets, some deli meats, and some frozen chicken products. Made by forcing bones through a mesh under high pressure.

Even when the source animal is stated (chicken, beef), Zabiha-strict families generally raise concern about the industrial process and the difficulty of verifying halal slaughter throughout. Prefer whole-cut meats or products explicitly Zabiha-certified.

Also: E471

Emulsifiers in baked goods, cakes, ice cream, margarine, non-dairy creamers, coffee whitener, whipped toppings, protein bars, chewing gum, and some soft drinks. May be listed under a general "emulsifiers" heading without the specific name.

Often derived from animal fat, sometimes pork. Plant-based versions exist but ingredient labels rarely distinguish. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the product is halal-certified, kosher pareve, or explicitly labelled plant-based.

Also: natural flavours, natural flavoring

A catch-all category found in beverages, sauces, dressings, snacks, cereals, ice cream, processed meats, and yogurts. One of the most common labels in packaged food.

The label reveals nothing about what's inside. May contain alcohol as a solvent, animal-derived components (including castoreum from beavers, or animal fats used to extract flavors), or plant extracts. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the product is halal-certified or the manufacturer confirms plant-based sources.

Also: shoyu

A fermented sauce from soybeans and wheat.

Natural fermentation can produce a small amount of alcohol; scholars differ. Treated as doubtful.

Also: DHA, EPA

Fatty acids added to foods and supplements.

From fish (generally fine) or other sources; verify the stated source.

A digestive enzyme used in some hard cheeses (parmesan, romano, provolone) and in supplements.

Predominantly derived from pigs. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid cheeses and supplements listing pepsin unless explicitly halal-certified or specified as microbial.

Also: E476, polyglycerol polyricinoleate

An emulsifier common in chocolate, especially cheaper bars and coatings, that helps chocolate flow smoothly.

Usually from castor bean oil (plant-based), but the glycerol component may be animal-derived. For Zabiha-strict households, prefer chocolates without E476, or those halal-certified.

Also: E475, PGE

Emulsifiers in cakes, spreads, and margarine.

Made with glycerol and fatty acids that may be animal-derived. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless halal-certified.

Also: E432, E433, E435, polysorbate 80

Emulsifiers in ice cream, sauces, condiments, vaccines, some supplements, and non-dairy creamers.

Made with fatty acids that are often animal-derived. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless halal-certified; check with a pharmacist for supplement alternatives.

Also: american cheese, cheese product, cheese food

Individually wrapped cheese slices, cheese spreads (Kraft Singles, Velveeta, cheese pump for nachos), the powder on macaroni-and-cheese and cheese-flavor snacks.

Made from a base of natural cheeses, so the same rennet-and-enzymes question applies (see "Rennet" and "Enzymes"). Also frequently contain E621, "natural flavors", and animal-derived enzymes. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the product is halal-certified; brands specifically certified do exist.

Also: clif bar, quest bar, rx bar, power bar

Whey protein (see "Whey"), collagen or bone-broth protein (see "Collagen"), gelatin binder, glycerin, natural flavors, vanilla extract, palm/animal fats, and E-number emulsifiers all appear commonly. This is one of the highest-density categories for hidden animal ingredients.

For Zabiha-strict households, read the whole ingredient list. Look for bars that are halal-certified, or use plant-protein bars (pea, soy, brown rice) with no gelatin, no whey, and no undefined "natural flavors".

Also: animal rennet

The enzyme that curdles milk into hard cheeses like parmesan, aged cheddar, gouda, gruyere, and romano. On labels, this is usually the meaning of the word "enzymes" when it appears on a cheese ingredient list.

Traditional animal rennet comes from the stomach lining of calves, and commercial calves are rarely halal-slaughtered. For Zabiha-strict households, choose cheeses labeled "microbial enzymes", "vegetarian rennet", or halal-certified, and avoid cheeses whose ingredient list simply says "enzymes".

Also: cheese with animal rennet

A milk protein set using rennet, and cheese made with animal rennet.

Depends on the rennet used; animal rennet of unknown source is doubtful.

Also: halal restaurant, halal menu

Restaurants that advertise as halal without naming a certifier. Common in food-court settings, halal-cart franchises, and some fast-casual chains.

A restaurant may source its meat from a certified halal supplier while also serving beer, using vanilla extract in desserts, and cooking on shared surfaces. For Zabiha-strict households, ask directly: which certifier is the meat from, and are the fryer and grill dedicated? Prefer dedicated-halal establishments where possible.

Also: E904, confectioner's glaze

A glaze on candies (jelly beans, chocolate-coated candy, coated chocolates), coating on pills and vitamin tablets, and polish on apples and citrus fruit. On labels it may be called "confectioner's glaze", "resinous glaze", or "pharmaceutical glaze".

A resin from the lac insect. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid; treat "confectioner's glaze" and "pharmaceutical glaze" the same way.

Also: chitosan, glucosamine sulfate

Chitosan (a fat-binder in some diet supplements and a preservative in some produce coatings) and glucosamine sulfate (joint supplements) are derived from crab, shrimp, or lobster shells.

This overlaps with the Shrimp and other shellfish entry - the Hanafi position treats shrimp and other sea creatures other than fish as makruh, so families following that position should also avoid shellfish-derived supplements. Other schools permit. Follow the position you observe.

A baking fat in cookies, crackers, pastries, biscuits, and some processed foods. Some brands are plant-based (like Crisco), others include animal fat.

Ingredient lists often just say "shortening" without specifying. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the label explicitly says "all vegetable" or the product is halal-certified.

Also: E491, E492, sorbitan monostearate

Emulsifiers and stabilisers in whipped toppings, cake mixes, ice cream, and some baked goods.

Made with fatty acids that are often animal-derived. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless halal-certified.

Also: E570, fatty acids

A fatty acid used as an anti-caking agent, coating, and processing aid across countless food and supplement products.

Often derived from animal fat, sometimes from palm or other plant oils. Labels rarely specify. For Zabiha-strict households, choose products where the manufacturer confirms plant stearic acid, or opt for halal-certified alternatives.

Also: E481, E482, SSL, CSL

Dough conditioners in commercial breads, cakes, whipped toppings, and coffee whiteners.

Made with stearic acid that is often from animal fat. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid commercial baked goods listing E481 or E482 unless halal-certified.

Also: E473

Emulsifiers in baked goods, whipped toppings, coffee whitener, and some ice cream.

Made from sugar plus fatty acids that are often animal-derived. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless halal-certified.

Hard raw fat used in some traditional British puddings, mincemeat, and pastry.

From beef or mutton, rarely from halal slaughter unless specifically labelled. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the label states halal-slaughtered suet.

Also: capsule shell, vegetable capsule, gelatin capsule

The outer capsule of most vitamins and medications is either gelatin (usually from cattle or pigs, rarely halal-slaughtered) or vegetable cellulose (HPMC). Powder and tablet ingredients also often include magnesium stearate and stearic acid as flow agents.

For Zabiha-strict households, look for "vegetable capsule", "HPMC capsule", or "vegetarian capsule" on the label. Ask the pharmacist about halal-certified alternatives, or opt for tablets or powders without gelatin coatings.

Also: beef tallow

Rendered animal fat, often beef, used in commercial frying oils, French fries at some fast food chains, snack foods, pie crusts, and some candies.

Permissible only from halal-slaughtered animals. Commercial tallow is rarely from halal sources unless specifically certified. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid unless the product is halal-certified.

Also: E334, E335, E336, cream of tartar

An acidity regulator in soft drinks, jams, jellies, candy, and baked goods.

Historically a byproduct of the wine industry. Synthetic tartaric acid exists but labels rarely distinguish. For Zabiha-strict households, prefer products that use citric or malic acid instead, or those where the manufacturer confirms non-wine or synthetic tartaric acid.

An amino acid common in energy drinks (Red Bull, Monster and similar), sports drinks, and some infant formulas.

Nearly all commercial taurine today is synthetic (chemically produced), but a small proportion is still animal-derived. Labels do not distinguish. For Zabiha-strict households, prefer energy drinks that specify synthetic taurine, or avoid taurine-containing drinks unless halal-certified.

Also: tamari, shoyu

Traditional Japanese soy sauces (Kikkoman, tamari, shoyu) that are brewed through fermentation. Contain a small amount of alcohol (typically 1 to 3 percent) as a natural byproduct of fermentation.

Scholars differ on trace alcohol from fermentation. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid brewed soy sauce that lists alcohol as an ingredient; look for "no-alcohol soy sauce", halal-certified soy sauce (widely available), or "hydrolyzed" (chemically produced) soy sauce.

Also: terrapin

Turtle and tortoise meat.

Schools differ. Some permit turtle as a sea creature; the Hanafi school treats it more cautiously. Follow the position you observe.

A flavouring in baked goods, ice cream, chocolate, protein bars, yogurt, coffee drinks, and some baby food. Standard vanilla extract is by US law at least 35 percent ethanol.

The alcohol content is intoxicating in undiluted form. For Zabiha-strict households, avoid; use synthetic vanillin, alcohol-free vanilla flavour, or vanilla powder. Some scholars treat small amounts cooked at high heat more leniently; strict avoidance is the safer path.

Also: E153, carbon black

A black colour used in some liquorice, cheese rinds, ice cream, and cosmetics.

Usually plant-derived (from burnt wood or coconut shell). Older forms could come from animal bone. For Zabiha-strict households, choose products where the manufacturer confirms plant carbon; avoid E153 on labels without confirmation.

Also: retinyl palmitate

A form of vitamin A used to fortify foods.

Made with a fatty acid whose source may be animal or plant; source-dependent.

Also: retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate

Vitamin A added to fortified milk, cereals, margarine, and multivitamins. Retinyl palmitate and retinyl acetate are the common forms.

The palmitate or acetate component involves a fatty acid whose source may be animal or plant. Some encapsulated forms use gelatin as a carrier. For Zabiha-strict households, choose products where the manufacturer confirms plant-based sources or the product is halal-certified.

Also: cholecalciferol

Added to milk, cereal, orange juice, plant-based milks, and supplements.

The most common source is lanolin from sheep's wool (widely accepted). A significant minority of products use fish oil, and vegan D3 from lichen exists. For Zabiha-strict households, most Vitamin D3 is acceptable; vegans should look for lichen-sourced D3 or vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).

A milk byproduct of cheesemaking, in protein powders, energy bars, baked goods, ice cream, some chocolate, ranch dressing, and infant formula.

Whey itself comes from milk (permissible), but its production usually involves rennet during the cheesemaking step, and that rennet is often animal rennet from non-halal slaughter. For Zabiha-strict households, choose whey from cheeses made with microbial rennet, plant-based protein alternatives, or explicitly halal-certified whey powders.

A savoury condiment used in cocktails, marinades, meatloaf, Caesar dressing, and many restaurant sauces.

Traditional Worcestershire sauce is aged with malt vinegar and often contains anchovies (fish - permissible) and, in some formulations, a small amount of alcohol. For Zabiha-strict households, choose brands labelled halal or those confirming no alcohol.

Also: flavored yogurt, fruit-on-bottom yogurt

Standard flavored yogurts (strawberry, mixed berry, key lime, and similar) at supermarkets. Greek yogurt varieties often have less added, but "fruit-on-bottom" and "flavored" varieties typically contain a stabilizer (gelatin or pectin) and "natural flavors" of undefined origin. Some contain carmine (E120) for pink or red colours.

For Zabiha-strict households, choose plain yogurt and add your own fruit, or choose flavored yogurts that are halal-certified. Watch specifically for "gelatin" and "carmine" in the ingredient list.